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Claude Saint-Cyr

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For the French general and diplomat, see Claude Carra Saint-Cyr

Claude Saint-Cyr
Claude Saint-Cyr, c. 1950
Born1911
Paris
Died11 September 2002[1]
Montargis, France
Other namesClaude St-Cyr, Claude St. Cyr, Simone Naudet, Simone Martin
OccupationMilliner

Claude Saint-Cyr – sometimes Claude St-Cyr or Claude St. Cyr – (née Simone Naudet, 1911–2002) was a French milliner who worked in both Paris and London between the 1930s and 1960s, also establishing a worldwide reputation for her hats. She collaborated with many leading designers, including Jean Patou and Norman Hartnell.

She was a key supplier of hats to the royal household from the 1950s on. One of her most notable commissions was the 1960 wedding veil of Princess Margaret; at this event she also made hats for The Queen Mother and the Queen. After closing her own salon, she continued to act as an advisor to other design houses until the mid 1990s.

Background and early career

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Simone Naudet was born in 1911 in Paris.[2] The daughter of a casino worker, she began her millinery training at the age of 18, later working with notable Paris designers, including Jean Patou, Marie-Louise Carven and Rose Descat.[2] She spent some time training in London, also changing her professional name to Claude Saint-Cyr.[citation needed] She married the interior designer Georges Martin.[2]

Establishment of own millinery business

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Saint-Cyr established her own millinery salon in 1937 in Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré, Paris, and this was joined by a shop in London in 1950.[3][4]

During the 1950s, she gained a reputation as one of the leading milliners of London and Paris. By 1957, her client list comprised many members of the British royal family, notably the Queen, Queen Mother, Princess Margaret and the Duchess of Windsor. Other clients included Queen Soroya of Iran, Begum Om Habibeh Aga Khan, actresses Martine Carol and Eleanor Parker, and many American tourists.[2]

Part of her success in London may have been due to her close working association with the royal household's couturier Norman Hartnell, who chose her to make his hats just before the 1953 coronation.[2] He enabled Saint-Cyr to set up her millinery salon within his London fashion house.[5] The Australian Women's Weekly described Saint-Cyr's association with the royal family and Hartnell in 1960: "She drives to the Palace or Clarence House in Norman Hartnell's Rolls-Royce and etiquette demands that she go hatless". The article added that all her royal customers spoke to their Parisian milliner in French during fittings.[6]

Millinery innovations

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Among the millinery innovations Saint-Cyr is said to have devised, were the oblique hat – in which one side of the brim is angled, enabling decorative details to be placed on the crown.[5][7] The oblique-brim hat has remained a favoured style for the Queen.[citation needed] She was also among the leading exponents of the 'cocktail hat' that came into vogue during the wartime years – this was typically a confection involving black silk and netting that could be worn with eveningwear.[8] In the 1950s, she helped to revive the fashion for the draped turban producing a supple felt design in 1956 that covered the ears and rose to a peak at the back of the head.[9]

From 1950, Saint-Cyr collaborated with her husband Georges Martin to create a variety of hats and garments that incorporated traditional Aubusson tapestry – an idea inspired after Martin used tapestry to re-cover chairs in Saint-Cyr's salon.[10] She also produced a series of hat designs in collaboration with her husband. The first collection was known as Aubusson and was succeeded by others – in all, over 160 hats were produced over the succeeding four years. For the designs to translate into headgear, particularly fine weaves had to be used and the weavers were taught how to build a hat.[11]

International success

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By the mid 1950s, Saint-Cyr's reputation as a milliner was so great that reproductions of her Paris originals were created under licence, alongside those of leading couturiers such as Cristóbal Balenciaga.[12] As well as designing for Norman Hartnell in London, she was producing models for Paris fashion houses such as Dessès.[13] In London, her designs appeared at the fashion shows of the Incorporated Society of London Fashion Designers. At the fashion show for autumn 1959, for example, she showed a line of high-crowned hats – many in velvet – to complement Hartnell's two-colour tweed suits and fur-trimmed and fur-collared coats.[14]

Royal weddings

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Saint-Cyr was chosen to produce headgear for the wedding of Princess Margaret to Antony Armstrong-Jones in May 1960. Not only did she produce the veil worn by Princess Margaret, but also the rose-trimmed and veiled turquoise model worn by the Queen and the cream osprey-feather hat worn by the Queen Mother.[15][16] Some three years later, Saint-Cyr once again designed hats for the Queen Mother, Queen and Princess Margaret at the wedding of Princess Alexandra and Angus Ogilvy.[17]

Later career and legacy

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Saint-Cyr closed her salon in 1964, but began working with French milliner Jean Barthet – a supplier of hats to celebrities such as Princess Grace of Monaco and Maria Callas.[1][18] This working relationship continued for the succeeding eight years, after which she retired from millinery design but continued to act as a consultant to bridal design houses until the mid 1990s.[1]

Examples of Saint-Cyr's hats are held by a number of museums worldwide, including the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. In 2009, her designs were among those featured in the Victoria and Albert Museum's Hats: An Anthology – an exhibition curated by Stephen Jones.[19] In 2013-14, her hats were exhibited in Florence's Pitti Palace, alongside designs by Philip Treacy and Caroline Reboux.[20][21]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c "Hoedenmaakster Claude Saint-Cyr overleden". Gazette van Antwerpen. 11 September 2002. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
  2. ^ a b c d e Walker, Nadeane (28 July 1957). "Milliner, Claude Saint-Cyr, is hat maker for British royalty". Lakeland Ledger. Retrieved 24 November 2014.
  3. ^ Grantland, Brenda; Robak, Mary (2011). Hatatorium: An essential guide for hat collectors (1st ed.). Mill Valley, California: Brenda Grantland. p. 165. ISBN 9780984785902. Retrieved 24 November 2014.
  4. ^ Waddell, Gavin (2004). How Fashion Works: Couture, Ready-to-Wear and Mass Production. Oxford: Blackwell Science. p. 105. ISBN 9780632057528. Retrieved 24 November 2014.
  5. ^ a b Bezard, Catherine (2012). La Mode pour Les Nuls (1st ed.). Paris: Wiley Publishing. ISBN 9782754044783. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
  6. ^ "The Weekly Round". The Australian Women's Weekly. 25 May 1960. Retrieved 24 November 2014.
  7. ^ "Petite Gazette". Le Soir. 12 September 2002. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
  8. ^ da Cruz, Elyssa. "Dressing for the cocktail hour". metmuseum.org. Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
  9. ^ "The Shape of Things to Come". The Times. No. 53596. 30 July 1956.
  10. ^ "Black silk velvet evening coat designed by Claude Saint-Cyr, tapestry sleeves designed by Jean Picart Le Doux". coraginsburg.com. Cora Ginsburg. Retrieved 1 December 2014.
  11. ^ "Parallel Portraits" (PDF). No. 1. La Gazette Pinton 001. Retrieved 1 December 2014.[permanent dead link]
  12. ^ "Woollands, Knightsbridge, SW1 (advert)". The Times. No. 53353. 17 October 1955.
  13. ^ "The Fashion Roundabout". The Times. No. 54065. 3 February 1958.
  14. ^ "John Cavanagh's Gay Collection". The Times. No. 54520. 23 July 1959.
  15. ^ "Dignified Simplicity of the Queen's Dress". The Times. No. 54764. 6 May 1960.
  16. ^ "A Nation is Happy with its Darling". Life. 16 May 1960. Retrieved 1 December 2014.
  17. ^ "Picture Gallery". The Times. No. 55683. 24 April 1963.
  18. ^ Andriotakis, Pamela (4 April 1983). "Jean Barthet's Offbeat Bonnets Are Turning Heads This Spring from Paris to the Pacific". People. Retrieved 1 December 2014.
  19. ^ "Hats: An Anthology by Stephen Jones Opens at the Victoria & Albert Museum". artdaily.com. Art Daily. Retrieved 1 December 2014.
  20. ^ "Il Capello tra arte e stravaganza". capelloinmostra.it. Palazzo Pitti. Archived from the original on 6 January 2014. Retrieved 1 December 2014.
  21. ^ "Hats between art and extravaganza in Florence". firenzemadeintuscany.com. Firenze: Made in Tuscany. Retrieved 1 December 2014.
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